What Does a Java Developer Do?

Key takeaways

A Java developer specializes in creating and managing applications powered by Java. A few things to know:

• The most common major pursued by Java developers is computer science, followed by computer engineering, electrical engineering, and information technology [1].

• Java developers are not only proficient in the language, but automation tools like Apache Maven and Nexus.

• You can become a Java developer through a degree program, self-study, and online courses or certificate programs.

Read on to learn more about the role and how to become a Java developer. If you're ready to take the next step, consider enrolling in the IBM Java Developer Professional Certificate program. In as little as three months, you could design and deploy Java applications while gaining hands-on experience with essential tools like noSQL and Docket.

What do Java developers do?

Java developers build, implement, and maintain Java applications alongside a software development team. Other common work duties of a Java developer include the following:

• Converting client/user requirements into technical specifications

• Managing Java code bases 

• Documenting project code 

• Testing and debugging code as part of troubleshooting

• Making schedules for upgrading Java applications

Did you know? Oracle unveiled the latest iteration of Java, Java 24, in March 2025. 

Java developer jobs

Java developer jobs can vary depending on specialization, experience level, and industry. The list below outlines and compares a few commonly used Java job titles:

• Entry-Level Java Developer: Assists with basic coding tasks under supervision; ideal for recent grads or those new to the field.

• Java Developer: A standard mid-level role responsible for designing, coding, testing, and maintaining Java applications.

• Senior Java Developer: Leads complex projects, mentors junior developers, and ensures code quality and best practices.

• Java Software Engineer: Similar to a Java Developer but often implies a stronger focus on software engineering principles, system design, and scalable architecture.

• Full Stack Java Developer: Works on both the front-end (e.g. HTML, JavaScript frameworks) and back-end (Java, databases, APIs), offering end-to-end development skills.

• Back-End Java Developer: Specializes in server-side development using Java, handling APIs, business logic, and data storage integration.

• Java Microservices Developer: Focuses on building modular, independently deployable services using Java (often using tools like Spring Boot and Docker) in distributed systems.

• Lead Java Developer: Oversees development teams, makes architectural decisions, and ensures projects stay on track technically and operationally.

• Java Architect: Designs high-level software architecture and infrastructure, makes long-term technical decisions to support scalability and continued maintenance.

• Principal Java Developer: A senior role with deep technical expertise and strategic influence across teams and projects.

How much does a Java developer make?

Java developers in the US earn between $90,000-$149,000 per year, according to Glassdoor data [2]. The median total pay for all levels of expertise reported is $115,000.

How to become a Java developer

There is no single path to becoming a Java developer. Whether you're just starting out in software development or transitioning from a related technical role, there are several ways to build the skills and experience needed for this career. Some developers follow a formal education route, while others take a more hands-on or self-taught approach. The next sections will outline the key skills, tools, and types of experience that can help you prepare for and succeed in a Java development role.

Gain core Java developer skills

Java developers use a combination of technical expertise and workplace skills to build, maintain, and improve software systems. While this language is most commonly used for back-end development, many roles benefit from knowledge across the full technology stack.

Technical skills

• Proficiency in Java Programming: Writing clean, readable, and maintainable Java code is a core responsibility. Well-documented code not only simplifies debugging and updates but also supports team collaboration.

• Knowledge of Build and Automation Tools: Tools such as Maven, Gradle, and CMake streamline the build process and automate repetitive tasks. Being able to use these tools effectively makes the development process faster and more reliable.

• Testing and Debugging Proficiency: Familiarity with tools like JUnit or Selenium ensure that code is thoroughly tested before deployment. Testing frameworks allow developers to simulate user interactions and catch issues early in the software development life cycle.

• Understanding of Front-End Technologies. While not always required, a working knowledge of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and libraries like jQuery or frameworks like AngularJS can be helpful, especially in full-stack roles or when collaborating with front-end teams.

• Back-End and Database Skills: Java is primarily used for server-side development, so a strong grasp of back-end technologies like SQL, REST APIs, Git, and database management systems is essential for secure application development.

Workplace skills

• Ability to Work Independently and Collaboratively: Java developers are often expected to manage tasks on their own while also contributing to larger team efforts.

• Time Management: Managing multiple tasks, projects, or deadlines is common in software development. Prioritizing effectively and staying organized helps ensure that each stage of the development lifecycle gets the attention it needs.

• Effective Communication: Whether sharing project updates, documenting code, or collaborating with team members, clear and respectful communication helps keep projects on track and fosters a productive team environment.

Gain the necessary experience

Although not mandatory, acquiring knowledge through formal education, such as a college degree, can expedite learning. A common academic qualification among Java developers is a bachelor's degree, with 75 percent of professionals holding this credential [1]. A master's degree follows closely, accounting for 22 percent of Java developers' educational attainment.

If you’re switching careers as an experienced professional or college isn't in your plans, explore opportunities such as online courses, conferences, workshops, and certificate programs. Keep in mind that the Java programming language continuously evolves, with major updates occurring as frequently as four times each year. Keeping track of the latest releases will help you consistently align with industry best practices.

Work experience

Internships, freelancing, or securing an entry-level developer position are different ways of gaining relevant work experience. Based on insights from Glassdoor, some interviewers may prefer candidates with two to five years of work experience over those with only a degree. 

Read more: What Is a Java Certification? How to Get One

Certifications and certificate programs

Certifications add credibility to your resume, opening doors to higher-level positions and increased job responsibilities. If you choose a course progam that ends with certification upon completion, you can also use the opportunity to sharpen your skills, practice using industry standard tools, and bulk up your portfolio. Below are a few notable certifications and certificate programs you can consider based on your education and experience:

• The Oracle Certified Foundations Associate for Java is ideal for learners who previously enrolled in the Oracle Academy program or are pursuing computer science with a focus on Java. It's also suitable for faculty teaching foundational Java and computer science and individuals beginning their Java careers.

• The Oracle Java EE 7 Application Developer certification is well-suited for Java front-end and back-end application developers, architects, and software engineers possessing intermediate to advanced expertise in using Java EE 7 technology.

• Earning the Oracle Certified Professional Java SE 11 Developer certification validates your professional-level competence in utilizing Java SE 11, with a special focus on the new features introduced in this version.

Explore our free software developer resources

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• Subscribe to our YouTube channel to hear from established professionals and explore and compare in-demand online courses.

• Explore our Career Resource hub to take career quizzes, skill assessments, and explore which courses and certificate programs might be most suitable for your goals.

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